Mathematical functions — NumPy v2.0 Manual (2024)

sin(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Trigonometric sine, element-wise.

cos(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Cosine element-wise.

tan(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Compute tangent element-wise.

arcsin(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse sine, element-wise.

asin(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse sine, element-wise.

arccos(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Trigonometric inverse cosine, element-wise.

acos(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Trigonometric inverse cosine, element-wise.

arctan(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Trigonometric inverse tangent, element-wise.

atan(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Trigonometric inverse tangent, element-wise.

hypot(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Given the "legs" of a right triangle, return its hypotenuse.

arctan2(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise arc tangent of x1/x2 choosing the quadrant correctly.

atan2(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise arc tangent of x1/x2 choosing the quadrant correctly.

degrees(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Convert angles from radians to degrees.

radians(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Convert angles from degrees to radians.

unwrap(p[,discont,axis,period])

Unwrap by taking the complement of large deltas with respect to the period.

deg2rad(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Convert angles from degrees to radians.

rad2deg(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Convert angles from radians to degrees.

sinh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Hyperbolic sine, element-wise.

cosh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Hyperbolic cosine, element-wise.

tanh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Compute hyperbolic tangent element-wise.

arcsinh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic sine element-wise.

asinh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic sine element-wise.

arccosh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic cosine, element-wise.

acosh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic cosine, element-wise.

arctanh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic tangent element-wise.

atanh(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Inverse hyperbolic tangent element-wise.

round(a[,decimals,out])

Evenly round to the given number of decimals.

around(a[,decimals,out])

Round an array to the given number of decimals.

rint(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Round elements of the array to the nearest integer.

fix(x[,out])

Round to nearest integer towards zero.

floor(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the floor of the input, element-wise.

ceil(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the ceiling of the input, element-wise.

trunc(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the truncated value of the input, element-wise.

prod(a[,axis,dtype,out,keepdims,...])

Return the product of array elements over a given axis.

sum(a[,axis,dtype,out,keepdims,...])

Sum of array elements over a given axis.

nanprod(a[,axis,dtype,out,keepdims,...])

Return the product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as ones.

nansum(a[,axis,dtype,out,keepdims,...])

Return the sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as zero.

cumprod(a[,axis,dtype,out])

Return the cumulative product of elements along a given axis.

c*msum(a[,axis,dtype,out])

Return the cumulative sum of the elements along a given axis.

nancumprod(a[,axis,dtype,out])

Return the cumulative product of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as one.

nanc*msum(a[,axis,dtype,out])

Return the cumulative sum of array elements over a given axis treating Not a Numbers (NaNs) as zero.

diff(a[,n,axis,prepend,append])

Calculate the n-th discrete difference along the given axis.

ediff1d(ary[,to_end,to_begin])

The differences between consecutive elements of an array.

gradient(f,*varargs[,axis,edge_order])

Return the gradient of an N-dimensional array.

cross(a,b[,axisa,axisb,axisc,axis])

Return the cross product of two (arrays of) vectors.

exp(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Calculate the exponential of all elements in the input array.

expm1(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Calculate exp(x) - 1 for all elements in the array.

exp2(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Calculate 2**p for all p in the input array.

log(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Natural logarithm, element-wise.

log10(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the base 10 logarithm of the input array, element-wise.

log2(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Base-2 logarithm of x.

log1p(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the natural logarithm of one plus the input array, element-wise.

logaddexp(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Logarithm of the sum of exponentiations of the inputs.

logaddexp2(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Logarithm of the sum of exponentiations of the inputs in base-2.

i0(x)

Modified Bessel function of the first kind, order 0.

sinc(x)

Return the normalized sinc function.

signbit(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Returns element-wise True where signbit is set (less than zero).

copysign(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Change the sign of x1 to that of x2, element-wise.

frexp(x[,out1,out2],/[[,out,where,...])

Decompose the elements of x into mantissa and twos exponent.

ldexp(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Returns x1 * 2**x2, element-wise.

nextafter(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Return the next floating-point value after x1 towards x2, element-wise.

spacing(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the distance between x and the nearest adjacent number.

lcm(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Returns the lowest common multiple of |x1| and |x2|

gcd(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Returns the greatest common divisor of |x1| and |x2|

add(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Add arguments element-wise.

reciprocal(x,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Return the reciprocal of the argument, element-wise.

positive(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Numerical positive, element-wise.

negative(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Numerical negative, element-wise.

multiply(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Multiply arguments element-wise.

divide(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Divide arguments element-wise.

power(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.

pow(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.

subtract(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Subtract arguments, element-wise.

true_divide(x1,x2,/[,out,where,...])

Divide arguments element-wise.

floor_divide(x1,x2,/[,out,where,...])

Return the largest integer smaller or equal to the division of the inputs.

float_power(x1,x2,/[,out,where,...])

First array elements raised to powers from second array, element-wise.

fmod(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Returns the element-wise remainder of division.

mod(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Returns the element-wise remainder of division.

modf(x[,out1,out2],/[[,out,where,...])

Return the fractional and integral parts of an array, element-wise.

remainder(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Returns the element-wise remainder of division.

divmod(x1,x2[,out1,out2],/[[,out,...])

Return element-wise quotient and remainder simultaneously.

angle(z[,deg])

Return the angle of the complex argument.

real(val)

Return the real part of the complex argument.

imag(val)

Return the imaginary part of the complex argument.

conj(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the complex conjugate, element-wise.

conjugate(x,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Return the complex conjugate, element-wise.

maximum(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise maximum of array elements.

max(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis.

amax(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis.

fmax(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise maximum of array elements.

nanmax(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return the maximum of an array or maximum along an axis, ignoring any NaNs.

minimum(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise minimum of array elements.

min(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return the minimum of an array or minimum along an axis.

amin(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return the minimum of an array or minimum along an axis.

fmin(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Element-wise minimum of array elements.

nanmin(a[,axis,out,keepdims,initial,where])

Return minimum of an array or minimum along an axis, ignoring any NaNs.

convolve(a,v[,mode])

Returns the discrete, linear convolution of two one-dimensional sequences.

clip(a,a_min,a_max[,out])

Clip (limit) the values in an array.

sqrt(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the non-negative square-root of an array, element-wise.

cbrt(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the cube-root of an array, element-wise.

square(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Return the element-wise square of the input.

absolute(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Calculate the absolute value element-wise.

fabs(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Compute the absolute values element-wise.

sign(x,/[,out,where,casting,order,...])

Returns an element-wise indication of the sign of a number.

heaviside(x1,x2,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Compute the Heaviside step function.

nan_to_num(x[,copy,nan,posinf,neginf])

Replace NaN with zero and infinity with large finite numbers (default behaviour) or with the numbers defined by the user using the nan, posinf and/or neginf keywords.

real_if_close(a[,tol])

If input is complex with all imaginary parts close to zero, return real parts.

interp(x,xp,fp[,left,right,period])

One-dimensional linear interpolation for monotonically increasing sample points.

bitwise_count(x,/[,out,where,casting,...])

Computes the number of 1-bits in the absolute value of x.